This method takes advantage of the fact that every other level in the tree will maximize and every other level will minimize. The alphabeta algorithm is a method for speeding up the Minimax searching routine by pruning off cases that will not be used anyway. These are based on Alpha-beta pruning, Negascout, MTD-f, NegaC*. This search continues until a certain maximum search depth or the program determines that a final "leaf" position has been reached.Ī naive implementation of this approach, known as Minimax or Negamax, can only search to a small depth in a practical amount of time, so various methods have been devised to greatly increase the speed of the search for good moves.
In theory, they examine all positions / nodes, where each move by one player is called a "ply". Search techniquesĬomputer Othello programs search for any possible legal moves using a game tree. This is because although the consequences of moves are predictable for both computers and humans, computers are better at envisaging them. These programs, when run on any up-to-date computer, can play games in which the best human players are easily defeated. There are many Othello programs such as NTest, Saio, Edax, Cassio, Pointy Stone, Herakles, WZebra, and Logistello that can be downloaded from the Internet for free.
Othello rules software#
Brian is the 2001 World Othello Champion and his is the most comprehensive book on Othello strategy ever published in English.Home :: Reversi Computer Othello Computer OthelloĬomputer Othello refers to computer architecture encompassing computer hardware and computer software capable of playing the game of Othello. If you enjoy learning Othello and want to get better at the game, we recommend Brian Rose's book "Othello: a minute to learn.
In the example below, White, with only one disc, can easily win the game in four moves. This is usually easier to achieve by having fewer discs. A better strategy is to focus on limiting your opponent's options, while having many possible moves yourself. Moving in these squares could give the opponent access to the adjacent corner.Ī common beginner mistake is to try to get as many discs as possible from the beginning. It is often not recommended to move on the squares next to corners (marked by black translucent discs). When starting a game, it is recommended to play within the 4x4 central area (marked by white translucent discs in the diagram below) when possible. Within the Othello board there are squares that are safer than others. In the example below, Black has the corner at h8, and stable discs next to it. Once you have a corner, you can often build more adjacent stable discs around it. Because of that, corners are the most valuable squares on the board. Below you will find a brief guide with concepts that will help you get started.Īccording to the rules of Othello, once a disc is placed in a corner, that disc can never be flipped back (it is "stable"). If both players have the same number of discs, then the game is a draw.Īlthough the rules of Othello are very simple, mastering the game is not easy. The player with the most discs on the board at the end of the game wins. A game of Othello may end before the board is completely filled.
When neither player can move, the game ends. If a player does not have any valid moves, play passes back to the other player. If White plays the bottom left option and flips one disc: This player operates under the same rules, with the roles reversed: White lays down a white disc, causing black discs to flip. If Black decides to place a disc in the topmost location, one white disc gets flipped, and the board now looks like this: In the starting position, Black has the following 4 options indicated by translucent discs:Īfter placing the disc, Black flips all white discs lying on a straight line between the new disc and any existing black discs. Black moves first.īlack must place a black disc on the board, in such a way that there is at least one straight (horizontal, vertical, or diagonal) occupied line between the new disc and another black disc, with one or more contiguous white pieces between them. The game traditionally begins with four discs placed in the middle of the board as shown below. Othello is a strategy board game for two players (Black and White), played on an 8 by 8 board.
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